39 задокументированных инцидентов

Полная история
Глобальные отключения Интернета

От краха ARPANET в 1980 году до сегодняшних обрывов подводных кабелей — хронологическая запись инцидентов, которые повлияли на то, как мы строим устойчивые сети.

BGP-инциденты Сбои DNS Разрезы кабеля Облачные сбои DDoS-атаки Отключения
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2020s
Dec 5, 2025

Cloudflare brief global disruption from configuration error (reported)

≈25 minutes (reported)
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Human error, Misconfiguration
Bad config deployment affected request handling; rollback resolved quickly (reported).
"Short-lived outages/errors across many proxied sites."
CDN/Cloud services
Oct 19, 2025

AWS us-east-1 major cascade outage (DynamoDB/EC2) (reported)

≈15 hours (reported)
Влияние
Global (services depending on us-east-1)
Первопричина
Software bug, Systemic cascade
Prior response claimed DynamoDB DNS/discovery issue cascaded into EC2 control plane disruption; not verified here.
"Large downstream app outages and delayed autoscaling/instance launches (reported)."
Cloud provider
Sep 6, 2025

Red Sea cable cuts (SMW4 & IMEWE) (reported)

Weeks (repairs)
Влияние
Middle East, South Asia, East Africa, Europe–Asia transit
Первопричина
Unknown, Possible sabotage, Human error
Multiple cables cut; attribution unclear.
"Regional slowdowns and rerouting/latency increase."
Submarine cables
Jul 24, 2025

Starlink global outage (core software services failure) (reported)

≈2.5 hours (reported)
Влияние
Global Starlink footprint
Первопричина
Unknown, Software bug (suspected)
Reported failure of internal software services operating the core network (provider statement reported by analysts).
"Connectivity loss for satellite users."
Satellite ISP (LEO)
Forrester Kentik
Jun 12, 2025

Cloudflare outage attributed to Workers KV incident (reported)

≈2.5 hours (reported)
Влияние
Global (Cloudflare customers)
Первопричина
Software bug, Change error
Prior response claimed Workers KV cascade; not verified here.
"Customer API/control plane disruption; some site/app errors."
CDN/Cloud services Control plane / distributed storage
May 20, 2025

Global routing instability from malformed BGP attribute (Prefix-SID) (reported)

Minutes (reported)
Влияние
Global (multi-AS)
Первопричина
Software bug, Misconfiguration
Malformed BGP attribute propagated; certain vendors allegedly crashed/reset sessions.
"Brief reachability issues for some networks; high routing churn."
BGP routing Router software interoperability
Jan 15, 2025

Targeted cable incidents around Taiwan (reported)

Weeks for local restoration (reported)
Влияние
Taiwan and offshore islands (reported)
Первопричина
Possible sabotage, Hardware/physical failure
Incidents attributed to vessel activity; intent disputed.
"Local outages and increased geopolitical concern."
Submarine cables
Nov 17, 2024

Baltic Sea subsea cable disruptions (reported sabotage)

Repairs over weeks (reported); immediate impact rerouted
Влияние
Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden, Baltics, Germany links)
Первопричина
Unknown, Possible sabotage
Near-simultaneous cable cuts raised suspicion; attribution uncertain.
"Reduced capacity and higher latency; national security concern."
Submarine cables
The Guardian AP News
May 12, 2024

East Africa subsea cable damage (SEACOM & EASSy) (reported)

Weeks (repairs into early June)
Влияние
East and Southern Africa
Первопричина
Human error, Hardware/physical failure
Anchor drag / storm-related incident damaged multiple cables.
"Major slowdowns and partial outages; increased latency; business disruption."
Submarine cables
Internet Society Kentik
Feb 9, 2024

Red Sea subsea cable cuts linked to Rubymar (AAE-1 / EIG / SEACOM) (reported)

Weeks (repairs)
Влияние
Middle East, South Asia, East Africa, Europe–Asia transit
Первопричина
Human error, Conflict-related incident
Anchor drag from damaged/drifting vessel reportedly severed multiple cables.
"Regional slowdown/outages; rerouting and latency spikes."
Submarine cables
CSIS
Jan 3, 2024

Orange Spain routing registry compromise / BGP disruption

Hours (reported)
Влияние
Spain (primarily)
Первопричина
Cyberattack / credential compromise
RIPE registry account compromise enabled route origin record changes causing routing issues.
"Connectivity disruption for ISP customers and hosted services."
BGP routing IRR/RPKI management
APNIC Blog SecurityWeek
Nov 2, 2023

Portland (Flexential) data center power failure impacts Cloudflare & Workday

Hours to ~1 day+ for full restoration (varied by service)
Влияние
Global services with dependencies; physical location Portland, OR (USA)
Первопричина
Hardware failure
Power system failure and cascading generator/utility issues caused facility-wide outage.
"Loss of visibility/control for customers; SaaS downtime for enterprises."
Data center/power infrastructure Cloud/CDN control-plane
Cloudflare Cloudflare
Jun 13, 2023

AWS us-east-1 outage (Lambda-related cascading impacts)

≈2 hours (reported)
Влияние
Global (apps depending on us-east-1)
Первопричина
Software bug
Lambda capacity-management bug triggered at scale, affecting dependent AWS services.
"App outages and degraded performance across multiple brands."
Cloud provider Serverless platform
May 9, 2023

Pakistan mobile internet shutdown (political unrest)

≈3 days (reported)
Влияние
Pakistan (nationwide)
Первопричина
Political or regulatory action
Government ordered mobile networks offline; social platforms blocked during unrest.
"Major societal and economic disruption; suppressed information flow."
Government shutdown Mobile data
Internet Society Pulse Al Jazeera
Apr 4, 2023

Virgin Media UK ISP outages (BGP withdrawals/internal failure)

Two major outages (hours each) reported same day
Влияние
United Kingdom
Первопричина
Unknown, Routing/control-plane failure (suspected)
Routes withdrawn and traffic dropped at edge; internal failure led to customer disconnects.
"Nationwide consumer/business connectivity disruption."
ISP BGP routing
Feb 2, 2023

Matsu Islands (Taiwan) dual undersea cable cuts

Weeks (reported)
Влияние
Matsu Islands (Taiwan)
Первопричина
Hardware/physical failure, Possible sabotage
Two cables severed in early February; attributed to vessel activity (disputed intent).
"Severe local connectivity loss; reliance on microwave/satellite fallback."
Submarine cable
Jan 25, 2023

Microsoft Azure & Microsoft 365 global outage (WAN routing incident)

Several hours (reported)
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Misconfiguration, Change error
Microsoft WAN routing change caused instability/route flaps impacting Azure and M365 services.
"Cloud and productivity suite disruptions affecting organizations worldwide."
Cloud provider WAN routing/BGP
ThousandEyes Practical365
Oct 25, 2022

Sudan protest-related national internet shutdown

≈8 hours (reported)
Влияние
Sudan (nationwide)
Первопричина
Political or regulatory action
Authorities reduced/disabled connectivity during protests.
"Information suppression and disruption to services."
Government shutdown
Oct 19, 2022

Shetland Islands submarine cable cut (SHEFA-2)

≈14.5 hours (reported)
Влияние
Shetland Islands, Scotland (UK)
Первопричина
Human error, Hardware/physical failure
Cable severed (often attributed to anchor/fishing activity).
"Local isolation; emergency services needed backups."
Submarine cable
The Guardian Shetland News
Sep 1, 2022

Iran protest-related internet shutdowns (curfews and regional blackouts)

Recurring daily hours + multi-day regional events
Влияние
Iran (nationwide and regional)
Первопричина
Political or regulatory action
Authorities restricted/disabled mobile internet and platforms during protests.
"Communication suppression and economic disruption."
Government shutdown Mobile networks
Jul 8, 2022

Rogers Communications nationwide outage (Canada)

≈19–24 hours (major disruption)
Влияние
Canada (nationwide)
Первопричина
Human error, Misconfiguration
Maintenance change removed a routing filter and triggered cascading routing/control-plane failures.
"Payment disruptions, emergency-call impacts, widespread societal disruption."
ISP/telecom core
ThousandEyes Government of Canada / CRTC
Oct 4, 2021

Facebook/Meta global outage (BGP + DNS reachability)

≈6 hours
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Human error, Misconfiguration
Backbone maintenance change withdrew BGP routes; DNS and internal tooling became unreachable, complicating recovery.
"Global disruption of messaging/social communications; business disruptions."
BGP routing DNS Private backbone
Engineering at Meta Cloudflare
2010s
Jun 24, 2019

Verizon BGP route leak impacting Cloudflare (and others)

≈1–2 hours
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Misconfiguration, Filtering failure
Customer route leak propagated through Verizon due to insufficient filtering; misrouting/blackholing ensued.
"Partial unreachability/slowness for many services; routing community alarm."
BGP routing
Cloudflare Cloudflare
Feb 28, 2017

AWS S3 outage (us-east-1) from operator error

≈4 hours
Влияние
Global (customers relying on us-east-1)
Первопричина
Human error, Operational tooling/controls gap
Incorrect parameter in internal tool took down more S3 subsystems than intended; slow index recovery.
"Major web/app disruptions due to reliance on S3 in a single region."
Cloud provider Storage service
AWS The Guardian
Oct 21, 2016

Dyn DNS DDoS (Mirai botnet)

Intermittent over the day (multiple waves)
Влияние
North America, Europe, Global users of affected sites
Первопричина
Cyberattack / DDoS
IoT botnet traffic overwhelmed Dyn’s DNS infrastructure.
"Widespread inability to resolve domains for major services."
DNS DDoS
ThousandEyes KrebsOnSecurity
Jan 27, 2011

Egypt nationwide internet shutdown (Arab Spring)

≈5 days (major blackout)
Влияние
Egypt (nationwide)
Первопричина
Political or regulatory action
Government ordered ISPs to disconnect and withdraw routes to suppress protests.
"Severe societal and economic disruption; communications blackout."
Government shutdown BGP withdrawals
Wikipedia (overview) RIPE NCC (related analyses via RIPE Labs/archives)
Apr 8, 2010

China Telecom large-scale route leak/hijack (reported)

≈18 minutes (often reported)
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Misconfiguration, Disputed
Large number of prefixes announced via China Telecom; traffic detoured. Intent disputed.
"Potential traffic detours and risk of interception; user-visible impact unclear."
BGP routing
2000s
Feb 24, 2008

YouTube global outage via Pakistan Telecom BGP hijack

≈2 hours
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Political or regulatory action, Misconfiguration, Upstream filtering failure
Domestic blocking route advertised globally due to upstream propagation and insufficient filtering.
"Global unreachability of YouTube during incident window."
BGP routing Policy-driven filtering leak
Google Research CircleID
Jan 30, 2008

Mediterranean & Gulf submarine cable cuts (Middle East/South Asia disruption)

Days to weeks (repair dependent)
Влияние
Middle East, North Africa, South Asia (multi-country)
Первопричина
Hardware/physical failure, Human error, Unknown
Multiple cable faults/cuts; some attributed to anchor drag, some unclear.
"Severe bandwidth reduction and international connectivity degradation."
Submarine cables
RIPE NCC Wikipedia
Dec 26, 2006

Taiwan (Hengchun) earthquake submarine cable breaks

Weeks (full repair reportedly ~49 days)
Влияние
East Asia / Asia-Pacific (Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, etc.)
Первопричина
Natural disaster
Undersea earthquake and landslides severed multiple major cables near Taiwan/Luzon Strait.
"Severe international connectivity degradation; high latency due to reroutes."
Submarine cables International backbone
Submarine Networks International Cable Protection Committee (PDF)
Jan 25, 2003

SQL Slammer worm

Hours (peak), with lingering effects over 1–2 days
Влияние
Global (notably Asia, North America, Europe)
Первопричина
Cyberattack / malicious code, Software vulnerability
Worm exploited MS SQL Server vulnerability; explosive scanning caused congestion and outages.
"Severe congestion and widespread service disruptions."
Internet Cyber incident / traffic flood
NETSCOUT ASERT WeLiveSecurity (ESET)
1990s
May 19, 1998

Galaxy IV satellite failure

Days to ~1 week (varying by service)
Влияние
United States (nationwide), some Canada
Первопричина
Hardware failure
Satellite control failure caused loss of service for pager/broadcast transponders.
"Mass pager outage affecting businesses and emergency communications."
Satellite communications
The Atlantic National Academies
Apr 13, 1998

AT&T frame relay cloud outage

Up to ≈26 hours for some customers
Влияние
United States (nationwide corporate WAN customers)
Первопричина
Software bug, Change error
Software upgrade failure and error flooding caused network-wide instability.
"Corporate WAN disconnects; disrupted financial and airline operations (reported)."
Enterprise data network (Frame Relay)
Wired Los Angeles Times
Jul 17, 1997

“.com/.net DNS” outage (Network Solutions zone file error)

≈4 hours
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Human error
Corrupted/incorrect zone file update disrupted resolution for large numbers of domains.
"Large-scale name resolution failures; widespread site/email disruption."
DNS (TLD name servers)
BYTE (PDF) squid-cache.org
Apr 25, 1997

AS7007 BGP route leak

Hours (variously reported; not precisely captured here)
Влияние
Global
Первопричина
Human error, Software bug, Misconfiguration
Misconfigured router and bug leaked more-specific routes and hijacked large portions of routing table.
"Widespread reachability problems due to misrouting/blackholing."
Internet backbone BGP routing
Wikipedia Cloudflare (PDF)
Jan 4, 1991

New York fiber cut disrupts multi-state communications

Hours (same-day restoration reported)
Влияние
US Northeast (New York, DC, Boston cited)
Первопричина
Human error, Hardware/physical failure
Accidental severing of a major fiber trunk (construction/backhoe-style incident).
"Call blocking and disruptions to trading/aviation communications (reported)."
Fiber backbone (telecom/data)
Jan 15, 1990

AT&T long-distance network crash

≈9 hours
Влияние
United States (nationwide long-distance)
Первопричина
Software bug
Faulty switch software update triggered cascading switch resets and signaling storms.
"Large-scale call failures; business disruption; delayed flights reported."
Telephony (PSTN long-distance) Switching network
Cal Poly (jdalbey) case study The Software Horror Picture Show (Uni Saarland)
1980s
Nov 2, 1988

Morris Worm outbreak

Days (major disruption over multiple days)
Влияние
Primarily US academic/military networks, Spillover impacts globally
Первопричина
Cyberattack / malicious code, Software vulnerability, Human error
Self-replicating worm exploited weak passwords and vulnerabilities, saturating systems and networks.
"Severe network congestion and system outages; significant cleanup costs."
Internet (early TCP/IP) Cyber incident
Wikipedia CERT/CC (SEI)
Oct 27, 1980

ARPANET collapse (routing/IMP bug cascade)

≈4 hours
Влияние
United States (ARPANET nodes)
Первопричина
Software bug
Status-message propagation and IMP error-handling/garbage-collection bug caused network-wide disruption.
"ARPANET connectivity loss across research sites."
Early Internet (ARPANET) Routing infrastructure
Computer History Museum VICE
2025 Cloudflare brief global disruption from configuration error (reported)

Закономерности в данных

Десятилетия сетевых сбоев выявили повторяющиеся темы в том, как ломается Интернет.

Самая распространенная причина
Human error
13 инцидентов
Пиковое десятилетие
2020s
22 зарегистрировано инцидентов
Всего задокументировано
39
Крупные инциденты
Временной интервал
1980 – 2025
45 лет истории

Чему нас учит история

Каждый крупный сбой оставляет после себя уроки для построения более устойчивых систем.

Человеческая ошибка – общая тема

От краха AT&T в 1990 году до сбоя в работе Facebook в 2021 году неправильные конфигурации и операционные ошибки вызывают больше сбоев, чем любой другой фактор. Сложность современных сетей означает, что одна опечатка может распространиться по всему миру.

BGP остается ахиллесовой пятой Интернета

Протокол пограничного шлюза, который маршрутизирует трафик между сетями, был разработан в эпоху неявного доверия. Спустя десятилетия утечки маршрутов и захваты маршрутов продолжаются, поскольку принятие мер безопасности, таких как RPKI, остается незавершенным.

Физическая инфраструктура на удивление хрупка

По подводным кабелям передается 95% межконтинентальных данных, однако они уязвимы для якорей, землетрясений и, все чаще, преднамеренных помех. Географические узкие места, такие как Красное море, остаются критическими точками неудачи.

Концентрация создает системный риск

Когда AWS us-east-1 выходит из строя, половина интернет-пользователей это чувствует. Когда у Cloudflare возникает проблема, миллионы веб-сайтов становятся недоступными. Повышение эффективности за счет централизации достигается за счет чрезмерного количества режимов сбоев.

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